"I'll be back in a bit but first wanted to share this thought from Theodore Roosevelt." That's how I began this post, thinking it'd be a short one. But, Q.E.D., it kept growing on me. Anyway, this was TR's thought to be shared, one I ran across this morning in Sykes' column.
To judge a man merely by success is an abhorrent wrong; and if the people at large habitually so judge men, if they grow to condone wickedness because the wicked man triumphs, they show their inability to understand that in the last analysis free institutions rest upon the character of citizenship, and that by such admiration of evil they prove themselves unfit for liberty.
Knowing the history of TR's words is critical to a fuller understanding of the words' modern relevance. That history, I shall make brief and painless.
He delivered his thoughts on "Citizenship in a Republic" at the Sorbonne, 23 April 1910. His address has since become known as "The Man in the Arena" speech. It's the year that is critical. The 1910 man of triumphant "success" tainted by "wickedness" was a robber baron of the Progressive Era — that turn-of-the-century time of vast reforms, political and social; effectively a time in which the emerging middle class rose against its (potentially) displacing oppressors: unfeeling, uncaring men of wealth and power, captains of industry who accumulated riches through the exploitation of labor, captains of finance who exploited the nation at large. The citizens of 1910 knew instantly those whom TR identified in his Sorbonne speech.
Always the politician, he was rather late to the Progressive cause but never the fool. He hopped on its popularity and essentially became its voice. Hence the former two-term president delivered another major address four months after Paris, this one in somewhat less regal surroundings: Osawatomie, Kansas. There he proposed a "New Nationalism," or "Square Deal," the Progressive platform of his 1912 quest to recapture the presidency.
Today's wicked men of triumphant success would label TR's "square deal" as — let me see if I can recall all the pejoratives — a radical leftist socialist Marxist communist fascist proposal so typical of Democrats. There were strains of leftism in his speech, though nothing radical. There was wisdom: "The essence of any struggle for healthy liberty has always been, and must always be, to take from some one man or class of men the right to enjoy power, or wealth, or position, or immunity, which has not been earned by service to his or their fellows.... That is what we strive for."
And that is what enraged certain "men of success" in his day. What they labeled radical leftism (etc.) in 1910 is now common sociopolitical and fiscal policy. Exhibit A: When TR spoke of taking "from some one man or class of men" he was speaking of a graduated income tax, which came three years later under President Wilson.
What else enraged Wicked Success? Precisely a few other items that Roosevelt spoke of in his "Osawatomie Speech": ending corporate political power; regulating all interstate business; looking after the "terms and conditions of labor"; and protecting our natural resources through foresightful conservationism.
Knowing this historical background of Roosevelt's 1910 speeches heightens our appreciation of his profound shift in emphasis at times — a transition in contrast indeed, and yet a reflection of his acute disquiet; his speech and focus now centering on a chronic and ageless phenomenon more perilous than the gilding of his era. It's as though he was speaking of 2024.
Having aimed his sharpest rhetoric at the robber barons of wealth and power — these attacks, socioeconomic — he would keenly careen to the political and a lurking evil wholly consistent with wanton acquisitiveness and Veblen's "conspicuous consumption." At the Sorbonne: The man who, if born to wealth and power, exploits and ruins his less fortunate brethren, [he] is at heart the same as the greedy and violent demagogue.
The demagogic breed TR had in mind differed from today's only in its principal target: pols who "excite[d] those who have not property to plunder those who have." This was a call for restrained activism, a warning of overreaction; he desired no forthcoming Bolshevik Revolution. Yet outside of that narrow focus, Roosevelt described the America into which we have now plunged ourselves like lemmings, led by the indispensable rabble-rouser. Again, at the Sorbonne:
"Indeed, it is a sign of marked political weakness in any commonwealth if the people tend to be carried away by mere oratory ... as divorced from the deeds for which they are supposed to stand. The phrase-maker, the phrase-monger, the ready talker, however great his power, whose speech does not make for courage, sobriety and right understanding, is simply a noxious element in the body politic, and it speaks ill for the public if he has influence over them."
TR went further in his forewarning. Every demagogue is bereft of sobriety and right understanding, but there's a subspecies of his noxious presence that the ex-president singled out for even harsher condemnation. "Of one man in especial, beyond any one else, the citizens of a republic should beware, and that is of the man who appeals to them to support him on the ground that he is hostile to other citizens of the republic.... The man who makes such an appeal should always be presumed to make it for the sake of furthering his own interest."
Going further still, Roosevelt spoke of "the chief factor in the downfall of so many, many nations." Here we come to his preaching a kind of political eschatology. Our downfall, he said, could arrive given a demagogue's particularly ruinous, one-word element. "Wide differences of opinion ... must exist if conscience and intellect alike are not to be stunted." But the whipping up of "hatreds, based on such differences, are signs not of earnestness of belief but of fanaticism." (All italics mine.)
The ready talker, the phrase-monger, the absence of sober understanding, the hostility toward other citizens, the self-interest — all of them tangled up with and unextractable from the killer apotheosis of today's fanaticism, that which reigns above all, whether in what's laughably called "policies" to come or retributions assured.
Theodore Roosevelt wasn't the only man of history to warn of this nation's downfall; he just did so with remarkable clarity. So what's next? Does the story end here? I take this from TR: Having ignored his layered warnings, we can no longer evade an extraordinary amount of ruin. But we can still reject the foundations of that ruin, especially the fanaticism which otherwise would lastingly undergird, support, and entrench it.
We've entered the fiercest of long games since the Civil War — itself ignited by the demagogic fanaticism that Roosevelt warned of. Many among his preceding generation believed that was the end of this nation. As the war turned out, it was but our second beginning, and one better than the first. Now we find ourselves working toward a third beginning (I hope) — and one better yet.